不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟     

李晓烨  王克俭  谷建才  刘启国  崔严 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):118-125

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型，可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验，在11 m·s^-1风速下，对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定，采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions），构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优，可决系数（R²）均在98%以上；SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型，风速为11 m·s^-1左右时，林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势；5种株行距的林带中，株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。  相似文献   

Test and analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) precast shear wall assembled using steel shear key (SSK)     

Shao-Dong Shen  Peng Pan  Qi-Song Miao  Wen-Feng Li  Run-Hua Gong 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(14):1595-1612

Reinforced concrete (RC) precast shear walls are extensively applied in practical engineering, owing to their fast construction speed. However, because of the transport conditions, RC precast shear walls have to be separated into small wall segments during the factory prefabrication procedure before being assembled on site. Typically, wet-type jointing methods are adopted to link the segments, which is time-consuming and results in unreliable post-pouring area strength. To overcome this problem, the novel scheme of the steel shear key (SSK) featuring steel shear panels and combined fillet and plug welding is proposed. Three RC precast shear wall specimens with different linking strength, termed as weakened SSK wall, standard SSK wall, and strengthened SSK wall, respectively, and an integrated shear wall specimen were designed. Quasi-static cyclic loading was applied to investigate the specimens' dynamic properties. The test results suggest the prefabricated wall segments equipped with SSKs showed reliable stiffness and bearing capacity and were improved in energy dissipation ability, compared with conventional shear walls. As the shear stiffness and number of equipped SSKs increased, the specimens exhibited higher strength, but their ductility and energy dissipation were slightly decreased. Most importantly, the standard SSK wall specimen could achieve satisfactory bearing capacity and deformability and is thus recommended for precast building structures. Finite element method (FEM) models were established to validate the test results, and parametric study analysis was conducted based on the coupling ratio of the SSK walls. Finally, an appropriate coupling ratio range is recommended for practical engineering applications.  相似文献   

利用接收函数方法研究中国东北东南部地区不同构造体的地壳特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李天觉  陈棋福 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):2899-2917

基于我们布设的探测深俯冲的中国东北地震台阵NECsaids台阵和固定地震台长时段的观测记录及NECESSArray流动台阵共计152个台站数据提取得到的33752条P波接收函数，采用H-κ叠加分析和共转换点（CCP）叠加成像等方法进行统一分析处理，并汇集他人接收函数研究结果得到中国东北东南部地区迄今为止最高分辨率的地壳厚度和平均波速比分布图像.对中国东北东南部地区不同构造体的地壳特征综合分析研究表明：研究区不同陆块的地壳属性存在明显差别，张广才岭地块中南部的地壳厚度和波速比与华北克拉通东北缘相当，地壳厚度同地表地形之间显示有明显的正相关关系；松辽地块东南缘地壳最薄、波速比最高，地壳厚度同壳内波速比之间显示出明显的负相关关系；兴凯地块西部地区的地壳结构表现为稍厚的地壳厚度和研究区内最低的壳内波速比，其地壳厚度同壳内波速比之间亦显示出明显的负相关关系；佳木斯地块西南缘在具有"正常"的壳内波速比同时地壳最厚.研究区内的郯庐断裂带北延段在切穿其下Moho面的同时表现出南北分段的特征：北段（44.4°N—47°N）两分支之下的Moho面整体下凹，而南段（41.5°N—43.3°N）两分支之下的Moho面则整体上隆.长白山天池火山下方表现为Moho面下凹沉落及高壳内波速比特征，推测其壳内岩浆囊很可能存在于火山口东北隅至少10 km的范围内.  相似文献   

多通道瞬变电磁法频率域比值算法及视电阻率计算研究          下载免费PDF全文

张文伟  真齐辉  底青云 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4171-4181

视电阻率在电磁法勘探中起重要作用，可以作为初步解释结果，多通道瞬变电磁法通过大地脉冲响应的峰值时刻定义视电阻率.鉴于传统方法计算峰值时刻视电阻率需要恢复完整大地脉冲响应，本文通过研究大地脉冲响应及其频谱特征，提出一种新的频率域比值法.利用参考谱及其与一般谱的伸缩因子计算一般谱的峰值时刻，进而得到视电阻率.该方法只需大地脉冲响应单个频点幅度谱，从而不用估计整个大地脉冲响应.实际计算时，可以用大地脉冲响应多个频点幅度谱得到平均视电阻率.模拟数据与实测数据结果表明，在一维介质中，频率域比值法可以得到合理的视电阻率.  相似文献   

Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification     

TAN Liju  ZHAO Ruxiang  YIN Xiaonan  ZHANG Haijiang  WANG Jiangtao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):116-122

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.  相似文献   

黄土河谷场地地形放大效应的研究     

王良  卢育霞  马林伟  孔德政 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):167-171

使用黄土河谷场地模型对地震动峰值加速度和频谱特征进行研究。结果表明，不同工况下各观测点PGA的放大比呈现出不同的变化规律。分析山顶和山谷各点的傅里叶谱以及谱比发现，在地形和土层共同作用下的放大效应是各自单独作用下放大效应的乘积。  相似文献   

基于比值均方根的杨氏模量反演方法          下载免费PDF全文

宋建国  郭毓  冉然 《地球物理学报》2018,61(4):1508-1518

杨氏模量和泊松比是表征岩石脆性、评价储层可压性以及描述储层流体特征的重要参数，叠前地震反演是从地震数据中得到此类参数的有效手段.常规的叠前地震反演方法多使用Zeopppritz方程的近似式计算反射系数，近似式的误差影响了反演结果的精度.针对这个问题，推导了比值均方根形式的杨氏模量、泊松比和密度的Zoeppritz方程，并基于广义线性反演构建了杨氏模量和泊松比直接反演方法，有效地避免了使用近似式的局限性，提高了反演的精度.模型测试和实际资料试算结果表明：采用比值均方根形式构建的反演流程稳定，能够从叠前地震数据中获得可信的杨氏模量、泊松比和密度，提供了一种可靠的杨氏模量和泊松比直接反演方法.  相似文献   

下扬子及周边地区深部泊松比结构及深部动力过程约束研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张昌榕  张贵宾  江国明  吕庆田  徐峣 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4418-4435

下扬子及周边地区存在着丰富的地质构造和多金属矿产资源，其深部结构和动力学过程已成为地学界研究的热点.为了更好地讨论下扬子及周边地区的深部动力学过程和岩浆活动机制，本文基于均匀网格层析成像方法提出了非均匀网格远震层析成像方法，利用大量的天然地震相对走时残差数据反演获得了下扬子及周边地区深至700 km范围内的三维S波和P波速度结构，并根据纵横波的比值关系计算出泊松比异常.由于S波速度比P波对流体的反应更加敏感，所以泊松比异常反映了物质是否包含流体或者物质的软硬、冷热程度.本研究结果显示：（1）长江中下游成矿带下方的上地幔内存在明显的高泊松比异常，而地幔过渡带内则存在明显的低泊松比异常；（2）大别造山带及其南侧的中扬子地块的上地幔中下部及地幔过渡带内都存在明显低泊松比异常，且呈现东深西浅的空间分布特征.结合已有的地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料，我们认为长江中下游成矿带下方的地幔过渡带内滞留着古太平洋俯冲板块，其上地幔内则赋存着软的上地幔热物质，为深部成矿提供了热量或幔源物质.因此，古太平洋板块的俯冲对长江中下游成矿带的形成发挥了至关重要的作用.  相似文献   

Assessment of soil erosion in a monsoon-dominated mountain river basin in India using RUSLE-SDR and AHP   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jobin Thomas  Sabu Joseph  K. P. Thrivikramji 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(4):542-560

The long-term average annual soil loss (A) and sediment yield (SY) in a tropical monsoon-dominated river basin in the southern Western Ghats, India (Muthirapuzha River Basin, MRB; area: 271.75 km²), were predicted by coupling the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) models. Moreover, the study also delineated soil erosion risk zones based on the soil erosion potential index (SEPI) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Mean A of the basin is 14.36 t ha^?1 year^?1, while mean SY is only 3.65 t ha^?1 year^?1. Although the land use/land cover types with human interference show relatively lower A compared to natural vegetation, their higher SDR values reflect the significance of anthropogenic activities in accelerated soil erosion. The soil erosion risk in the MRB is strongly controlled by slope, land use/land cover and relative relief, compared to geomorphology, drainage density, stream frequency and lineament frequency.  相似文献   

基于FEA的填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统性能分析          下载免费PDF全文

李然 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):891-896

隔震器与填充墙对建筑抗震性能有很大作用。为了探究填充墙布置形式及填充材料和隔震器协同作用对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性及抗震性能的影响,采用等效斜撑理论,对3种不同填充墙布置形式与隔震器协同作用的抗震系统方案进行对比分析,研究发现顶层不布置填充墙与隔震器协同抗震系统钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能最佳。在此系统上分析了不同填充材料对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响,结果表明,加气混凝土砌块填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能最好。  相似文献